›
   
  Chapters
1. A word from the Persian translator
2. Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
3. The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
4. The Umayyads in pagan times
  5   Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
6. Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
7. Hind in the battle of Uhud
8 Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
9. Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
11. Mecca is captured
  12.   Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
  13   Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
  14   Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
  15   Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
  16   Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
  17   Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
  18   Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
  19   A fable in the history of Islam
  20   Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
  21   Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
  22   Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
  23   The trickery of Mu'awiyah
  24   Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
  25   ash-Shami plunderes
  26   Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
  27   Two opposing politics
  28   Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
  29   Motives for peace
  30   Cautious treatment of enemies
  31   Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
  32   Heavy taxes
  33   The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
  34   Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
  35   Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
  36   Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
  37   Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
  38   Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
  39   Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
  40   What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
  42   the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
  43   'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
  44   Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
  45   'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
  46   'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
  47   'A'ishah generosity
  48   Her family bigotry
  49   'A'ishah as an eminent orator
  50   'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
  51   'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
  52   Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
  53   TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
  54   Traditional making
  55   Freed persons and the caliphate
  56   A cover for inferiority complexes
  57   The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
  58   Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
  59   A group of people refuses to curse
  60   The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
  61   A tradition from 'A'ishah
  62   Conclusion and purpose
  63   Addendum
       

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHAH IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM
In the name of God, the almighty

Allegiance to Yazid demands victims

 

For the matter of allegiance to Yazid, Mu'awiyah secretly killed Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas.


The question of Yazid's caliphate had occupied the mind of Mu'awiyah and he saw certain obstacles in it which he could not overcome. But he used all his efforts to remove the last obstacles. On the one hand there was Imam al-Mujtaba the grandson of the Prophet who was the greatest social and spiritual personality of the day, and on the other hand there was Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqa, a great general and a member of the council of six appointed by 'Umar, and popular with a number of Muslims.
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, famous historian, writes:
"Mu'awiyah desired people's allegiance for his son, Yazid. But in this course no obstacles were greater than al-Hasan ibn 'Ali, and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqa. In order to remove these two great obstacles, he secretly poisoned them both, and they died."(230)
The reason why Imam al-Hasan and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas were at that time regarded as obstacles in the way of Mu'awiyah's objective, was that Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas was the last. remaining member of the council of six appointed by 'Umar to decide the choice of the successor to him as caliph.(231) Later on these six men gained such a high reputation that each of them was considered worthy of being chosen as caliph. But Imam al-Hasan, in addition to his particularly great virtue and fine qualities, had stipulated in his truce with Mu'awiyah that after the latter's death he should be caliph,(232) and Mu'awiyah was not allowed to nominate any other successor for himself.(233)
Historians have not described how Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas was killed. They only state that his death was due to poisoning. But in connection with the martyrdom of Imain al-Hasan, there exists several pieces of evidence, which clarify this tragic matter.
al-Mas'udi writes: Ju'dah, daughter of al-Ash'ath ibn Qays al-Kindi poisoned Imam al-Hasan with a poison sent secretly to her by Mu'awiyah. He had sent her a message that if she could kill Imam al-Hasan through an effective plan, he would reward

 

 

« Previous            Next »