Chapters
A word from the Persian translator
Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
The Umayyads in pagan times
    Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
Hind in the battle of Uhud
Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
Mecca is captured
    Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
    Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
    Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
    Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
    Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
    Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
    Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
    A fable in the history of Islam
    Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
    Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
    Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
    The trickery of Mu'awiyah
    Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
    ash-Shami plunderes
    Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
    Two opposing politics
    Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
    Motives for peace
    Cautious treatment of enemies
    Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
    Heavy taxes
    The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
    Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
    Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
    Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
    Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
    Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
    Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
    What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
    the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
    'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
    Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
    'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
    'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
    'A'ishah generosity
    Her family bigotry
    'A'ishah as an eminent orator
    'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
    'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
    Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
    TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
    Traditional making
    Freed persons and the caliphate
    A cover for inferiority complexes
    The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
    Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
    A group of people refuses to curse
    The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
    A tradition from 'A'ishah
    Conclusion and purpose
    Addendum
     

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHAH IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM
In the name of God, the almighty

a letter of Umm al-Mu'minin to me!"
Then he ordered to give Murrah one hundred acres of land by the river al-Ubulah as his fief, and dig a special canal to irrigate his land, and this river is thus called "Nahr Murrah".(250) What is interesting in this incident is the use made by Ziyad of the effect of 'A'ishah's written words for his own benefit. He felt so pleased at being addressed by 'A'ishah as Abu Sufyan's son, and being accepted by her as such. So he wished that the so-called letter be read publicly, so that the people would see that his noble lineage is recognized by 'A'ishah the great personality of the time, considering him as the son of Abu Sufyan former chief of the Quraysh, and brother of the present caliph!
Another time 'A'ishah wrote a letter to Ziyad in which he recommended a man. Ziyad wrote at the bottom of the letter:
'He lives with his parents', meaning that Ziyad will treat the man so well that he will feel as if he lives with his parents.(251)


'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah
in reciprocal contention

I swear to God that Hujr and his friends were the leaders and selected ones of the Arabs.
'A'ishah


Although the hostility with Imam 'Ali had produced a deep friendship between 'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah, yet later .on a number of factor caused a break in this relationship, and it led to coolness and enmity.
We will deal with these factors in several different sections. Mu'awiyah's constant efforts enabled him to seize the rein of all affairs, but he was not content with this and wished to make his rule hereditary. What is significant is that at first even some groups of his friends did not approve of this project, and at this time the son of Abu Sufyan revealed the savage and violent, and cruel side of his character. It was then that 'A'ishah joined the group of his opponents, and severed her last bond of connection with Mu'awiyah.

 

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