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  Chapters
1. A word from the Persian translator
2. Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
3. The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
4. The Umayyads in pagan times
  5   Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
6. Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
7. Hind in the battle of Uhud
8 Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
9. Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
11. Mecca is captured
  12.   Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
  13   Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
  14   Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
  15   Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
  16   Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
  17   Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
  18   Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
  19   A fable in the history of Islam
  20   Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
  21   Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
  22   Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
  23   The trickery of Mu'awiyah
  24   Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
  25   ash-Shami plunderes
  26   Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
  27   Two opposing politics
  28   Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
  29   Motives for peace
  30   Cautious treatment of enemies
  31   Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
  32   Heavy taxes
  33   The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
  34   Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
  35   Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
  36   Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
  37   Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
  38   Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
  39   Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
  40   What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
  42   the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
  43   'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
  44   Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
  45   'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
  46   'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
  47   'A'ishah generosity
  48   Her family bigotry
  49   'A'ishah as an eminent orator
  50   'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
  51   'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
  52   Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
  53   TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
  54   Traditional making
  55   Freed persons and the caliphate
  56   A cover for inferiority complexes
  57   The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
  58   Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
  59   A group of people refuses to curse
  60   The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
  61   A tradition from 'A'ishah
  62   Conclusion and purpose
  63   Addendum
       

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHAH IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM
In the name of God, the almighty

Another point is mentioned in historical texts concerning the execution of Hujr, which shows 'A'ishah's deep political understanding. She had declared: "By God, if Mu'awiyah had recognized the heroic spirit, zeal and power of the people of Kufah, he would never have dared to arrest and kill Hujr and his friends. But the son of the liver-eater woman(254) knows that fervent men of the Arabs no longer exist in this world-; I swear to God that Hujr and his friends possessed a high rank in their clear-sightedness, heroism and courage.
The poet Lubayd has finely composed the following lines about this matter:
"Those under whose auspices one could live,
Have departed this life, and lam left alone,
Amidst those who are as worthless as leprous skins!
They afford neither a benefit,
Nor is there any hope of their charity,
Their spokesman is cavilled at,
Even if he has caused no mischief." (255)


The death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr

O Mu'awiyah! Did you not fear God in killing Hujr and his friends?
'A'ishah

The second factor of 'A'ishah's disagreement with Mu'awiyah, was the tragic event of the killing of her brother, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. Ibn 'Abd al-Barr and Ibn al-Athir narrate: In the year that Mu'awiyah had gone on a pilgrimage to Mecca, he went to Medina presumably to visit the tomb of the Prophet of God. During his stay in Medina, one day he went to visit 'A'ishah. Her first words with him were related to the execution of Hujr, about which she said many things. The last answer of Mu'awiyah was: "Leave Hujr and me alone to meet at the threshold of our God "(256)
Some historians give greater details about this story and say: After Mu'awiyah was permitted by 'A'ishah to enter her house and sit down, she said to him: "Mu'awiyah! How could

 

 

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