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  Chapters
1. A word from the Persian translator
2. Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
3. The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
4. The Umayyads in pagan times
  5   Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
6. Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
7. Hind in the battle of Uhud
8 Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
9. Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
11. Mecca is captured
  12.   Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
  13   Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
  14   Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
  15   Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
  16   Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
  17   Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
  18   Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
  19   A fable in the history of Islam
  20   Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
  21   Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
  22   Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
  23   The trickery of Mu'awiyah
  24   Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
  25   ash-Shami plunderes
  26   Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
  27   Two opposing politics
  28   Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
  29   Motives for peace
  30   Cautious treatment of enemies
  31   Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
  32   Heavy taxes
  33   The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
  34   Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
  35   Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
  36   Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
  37   Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
  38   Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
  39   Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
  40   What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
  42   the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
  43   'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
  44   Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
  45   'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
  46   'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
  47   'A'ishah generosity
  48   Her family bigotry
  49   'A'ishah as an eminent orator
  50   'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
  51   'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
  52   Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
  53   TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
  54   Traditional making
  55   Freed persons and the caliphate
  56   A cover for inferiority complexes
  57   The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
  58   Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
  59   A group of people refuses to curse
  60   The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
  61   A tradition from 'A'ishah
  62   Conclusion and purpose
  63   Addendum
       

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHA IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM)
In the name of God, the almighty
Abu Sufyan and Hind
Controversy over the true identity
of Mu'awiyah's father

 

On his father's side Mu'awiyah is related to four persons.
az-Zamakhshari

Mu'awiyah's father was Abu Sufyan, Sakhr ibn Harb ibn Umayyah ibn 'Abd Shams, and his mother was Hind, daughter of 'Utbah ibn Rabj'ah ibn 'Abd Shams. Hind's first marriage was with a1-Fakah(7), son of al-Mughayrah of the Banu Makhzum tribe, who was killed in the district of al-Ghamisa'(8) After the death of al-Fakah Hind married Hafs, another son of alMughayrah, who died sometime after. So for the third time she married Abu Sufyan.(9)
Some historical texts have described her marriages at a greater length, and said that al-Fakah Hind's first husband, suspected her of adultery. So he separated from her since he could not tolerate the disgrace.(10) Other historians believe that Hind had won notoriety in Mecca for illegitimate acts and adultery.(11)
But concerning Hind's marriage with Abu Sufyan they write that Musafir ibn 'Amr, who was of the Umayyads, was so deeply in love with Hind that everyone suspected an affair between them. Hind became pregnant from him and when people came to notice this Musafir ibn 'Amr fled from Mecca and went to an-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir, the well-known Arab king of Hira, to beg his aid. It was in his absence that Abu Sufyan married Hind.(12)
Hisham ibn Muhammad al-Kalbi, well-known genealogist, in the book of al-Mathalib and al-Asma'i, famous scholar and man of letters, say: Mu'awiyah was, in pagan times, related to four persons, namely:
a) 'Am arah ibn al-Walid of the Banu Makhzum
b) Musafir ibn 'Amr of the Umayyads
e) Abu Sufyan of the Umayyads
d) al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib of the Banu Hashim.(13)

 

 
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