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  Chapters
1. A word from the Persian translator
2. Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
3. The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
4. The Umayyads in pagan times
  5   Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
6. Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
7. Hind in the battle of Uhud
8 Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
9. Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
11. Mecca is captured
  12.   Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
  13   Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
  14   Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
  15   Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
  16   Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
  17   Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
  18   Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
  19   A fable in the history of Islam
  20   Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
  21   Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
  22   Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
  23   The trickery of Mu'awiyah
  24   Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
  25   ash-Shami plunderes
  26   Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
  27   Two opposing politics
  28   Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
  29   Motives for peace
  30   Cautious treatment of enemies
  31   Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
  32   Heavy taxes
  33   The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
  34   Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
  35   Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
  36   Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
  37   Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
  38   Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
  39   Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
  40   What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
  42   the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
  43   'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
  44   Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
  45   'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
  46   'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
  47   'A'ishah generosity
  48   Her family bigotry
  49   'A'ishah as an eminent orator
  50   'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
  51   'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
  52   Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
  53   TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
  54   Traditional making
  55   Freed persons and the caliphate
  56   A cover for inferiority complexes
  57   The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
  58   Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
  59   A group of people refuses to curse
  60   The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
  61   A tradition from 'A'ishah
  62   Conclusion and purpose
  63   Addendum
       

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHAH IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM
In the name of God, the almighty

'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned

condition."
Thus the disagreement between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads became more intensified and its flame soared higher. 'A'ishah had unexpectedly lost her brother who had died suddenly and mysteriously. But there was really no mystery, and a close scrutiny will reveal its cause, since he died of poisoning on the way to Mecca in the same way that Malik al-Ashtar died on his way to Egypt.(266)
Undoubtedly his death like the deaths of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Khalid, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqgas and Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba could not have been without a sinister cause., All these great men of the time were killed in order to open the way for securing allegiance for Yazid.
Thus the fire of dispute and division between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads rose high after she lost her dear brother, but now there was no one to help her to start a combat with the Umayyads, since now neither az-Zubàyr nor Talhah were alive, nor 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, nor anyone else on whom she could rely. Thus she recited the following lines which eloquently expressed her present condition:
"Those under whose protection I could live,
Have gona and left me alone now
Amidst those who are as worthless
As leprous skins, who offer no benefit,
Nor is there any hope for their goodness.".
Besides, 'A'ishah's age was now such that she could not sit on a mount and cover deserts and mountains and start a war with the Umayyads. Therefore, she showed her rancor and hostility in a different way, and as we saw the Umayyad emir of Medina became the target of her revenge, and 'A'ishah quoted the words of the Prophet concerning his reproach and damnation of him and his father and said that he was a piece of God's damnation.
Thenceforth that was the way she chose for future. We think that in this period she did not confine her activity only to quoting the traditions which were related to the reproach of the Umayyads, but she also quoted what she had heard the Prophet state concerning the virtue of his household and of Imam 'Ali, Fatimah, al-Hasan and al-Husayn. For, in those times nothing

 

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