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  Chapters
1. A word from the Persian translator
2. Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
3. The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
4. The Umayyads in pagan times
  5   Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
6. Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
7. Hind in the battle of Uhud
8 Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
9. Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
11. Mecca is captured
  12.   Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
  13   Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
  14   Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
  15   Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
  16   Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
  17   Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
  18   Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
  19   A fable in the history of Islam
  20   Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
  21   Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
  22   Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
  23   The trickery of Mu'awiyah
  24   Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
  25   ash-Shami plunderes
  26   Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
  27   Two opposing politics
  28   Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
  29   Motives for peace
  30   Cautious treatment of enemies
  31   Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
  32   Heavy taxes
  33   The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
  34   Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
  35   Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
  36   Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
  37   Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
  38   Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
  39   Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
  40   What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
  42   the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
  43   'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
  44   Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
  45   'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
  46   'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
  47   'A'ishah generosity
  48   Her family bigotry
  49   'A'ishah as an eminent orator
  50   'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
  51   'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
  52   Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
  53   TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
  54   Traditional making
  55   Freed persons and the caliphate
  56   A cover for inferiority complexes
  57   The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
  58   Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
  59   A group of people refuses to curse
  60   The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
  61   A tradition from 'A'ishah
  62   Conclusion and purpose
  63   Addendum
       

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHAH IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM
In the name of God, the almighty

household, his friends and supporters. We have already mentioned these points and seen how Mu'awiyah treated those who did not collaborate with him in these wicked deeds. Imam 'All's friends gained nothing by supporting the Jmam but torture, imprisonment, or death by hanging or being buried alive.
'~'ishah, as the main personality under our discussion, at the moment when human feelings were dead, and human beings's share was nothing but torture, imprisonment and execution, was greatly respected by him, and the caliph's organization showed the greatest possible considerations to her especially at the beginning, and these two co-operated closely in the overall combat with the Imam.
In order to see the role and task of 'A'ishah in Mu'awiyah's policy of forging traditions, we may speak of two incidents: A Muslim man named Sa'd ibn Hisham asked another Muslim named Hakim ibn Aflah to visit 'A'ishah. Hakim said: "I refuse to go to her. I had warned her against speaking of these two groups (the supporters of 'Ali and followers of 'Uthman), but she paid no attention to my counsel, and went her own way."(389)
What was the manner of 'A'ishah's talk about the Alawite party and 'Uthman's group? As we have already seen and will also see, at this time 'A'ishah spoke well of 'Uthman's party and quoted some traditions from the Prophet in favour of that party, and thus she resorted also to other traditions in reproach of the Alawite party. These two matters are what Hakim had warned her against, and to which she had paid no attention.


A tradition from 'A'ishah

'A'ishah! Had you forgotten this tradition?

Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his book of Musnad quotes an-Nu'man ibn Bashir, saying Mu'awiyah wrote a letter to 'A'ishah. I went with the letter to her in Medina and delivered it. After she took it, she said: "My son! should I not narrate for you something that I have heard from the Prophet?" I said: "Yes, of course!" She said: "Hafsah and I were with the Prophet one day and he



 

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