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  Chapters
1. A word from the Persian translator
2. Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
3. The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
4. The Umayyads in pagan times
  5   Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
6. Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
7. Hind in the battle of Uhud
8 Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
9. Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
11. Mecca is captured
  12.   Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
  13   Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
  14   Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
  15   Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
  16   Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
  17   Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
  18   Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
  19   A fable in the history of Islam
  20   Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
  21   Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
  22   Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
  23   The trickery of Mu'awiyah
  24   Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
  25   ash-Shami plunderes
  26   Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
  27   Two opposing politics
  28   Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
  29   Motives for peace
  30   Cautious treatment of enemies
  31   Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
  32   Heavy taxes
  33   The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
  34   Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
  35   Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
  36   Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
  37   Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
  38   Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
  39   Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
  40   What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
  42   the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
  43   'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
  44   Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
  45   'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
  46   'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
  47   'A'ishah generosity
  48   Her family bigotry
  49   'A'ishah as an eminent orator
  50   'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
  51   'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
  52   Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
  53   TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
  54   Traditional making
  55   Freed persons and the caliphate
  56   A cover for inferiority complexes
  57   The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
  58   Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
  59   A group of people refuses to curse
  60   The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
  61   A tradition from 'A'ishah
  62   Conclusion and purpose
  63   Addendum
       

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHAH IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM
In the name of God, the almightyl

handful of dust at the preacher's mouth. Mu'awiyah became very angry. 'Ubadah turned to him and said: "You were not with us on the day in the land of 'Aqabah.(98) Before the emigration when we made a pact with the Prophet to uphold the truth wherever we were. We have promised not to fear any reproacher wherever we are. Then Prophet said: Whenever you see a person praising another to his face, throw dust at him."(99)(100)
Another day Mu'awiyah spoke in the sermon he was giving about escaping from plague. 'Ubadah interrupted him by saying: "Your mother, Hind, was wiser than you!"
Mu'awiyah ended his sermon and performed the prayer. Then he returned to his palace and sent for 'Ubadah. Several of the Ansar of ash-Sham accompanied 'Ubadah, but government officials refused to admit them, so 'Ubadah alone was taken to Mu'awiyah's presence. Mu'awiyah said to him: "Have you no fear of God, and do you not feel respectful in the presence of your Imam?"(101)
'Ubadah answered: "Do you not know that in the night of 'Aqabah I made a pact with the Prophet not to fear any reproach in the way of God." Later that day Mu'awiyah went to the mosque for the afternoon prayers, and then on the pulpit he addressed the people, saying: 'I quoted a tradition for you earlier today. Then I realized that what 'Ubadah had said was true. Follow him, for, he is wiser than me!"(102) These events which show a greater degree of mildness, occurred during 'Umar's rule, who, owing to his coarseness, did not allow anyone to go to excess.


Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman

They brought wine for us and Mu'awiyah kept on drinking it heedlessly.
'Abd Allah ibn Buraydah - a companion of the Prophet


Mu'awiyah's position in the time of 'Uthman was different from his state in the time of the first two caliphs. In 'Uthman's time was given a free hand which enabled him to loosen all the ties of law and morality, and his power and wealth had made
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