Chapters
A word from the Persian translator
Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
The Umayyads in pagan times
    Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
Hind in the battle of Uhud
Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
Mecca is captured
    Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
    Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
    Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
    Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
    Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
    Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
    Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
    A fable in the history of Islam
    Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
    Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
    Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
    The trickery of Mu'awiyah
    Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
    ash-Shami plunderes
    Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
    Two opposing politics
    Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
    Motives for peace
    Cautious treatment of enemies
    Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
    Heavy taxes
    The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
    Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
    Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
    Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
    Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
    Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
    Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
    What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
    the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
    'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
    Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
    'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
    'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
    'A'ishah generosity
    Her family bigotry
    'A'ishah as an eminent orator
    'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
    'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
    Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
    TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
    Traditional making
    Freed persons and the caliphate
    A cover for inferiority complexes
    The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
    Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
    A group of people refuses to curse
    The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
    A tradition from 'A'ishah
    Conclusion and purpose
    Addendum
     

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHAH IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM
In the name of God, the almightyl
Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah

an old man like Abu Dharr with his Islamic belief and deeds posed a threat to him making his backspin shiver with fear. At this time he took refuge with his master, 'Uthman and wrote to him: "If you have authority over ash-Sham and its people, summon Abu Dharr since he fills people's minds with rancor."(115)
According to al-Baladhuri 'Uthman wrote to Mu'awiyah in answer: "Make Abu Dharr mount a rough and uneasy ride and send him back to Medina." Consequently they made him ride an unruly camel and proceed non-stop to Medina. It was a long and exhausting journey in a dry and sandy desert, led by cruel and inhuman guards.(116)
al-Ya'qubi gives further details and says: 'Uthman wrote to Mu'awiyah: "Put him on a saddleless camel and send him to us." 'Uthman's strict order was carried out about this man of God, and as a result when he reached Medina he had lost much of the flesh of his legs.(117)
al-Mas'udi says: They made him mount a camel, which had only a dry niece of wood on its back, and he was guarded by five coarse men of as-Saqalabah (118) who forced him to move swiftly. This went on until they reached Medina. His thighs were badly sore and showed raw flesh. In short, during those few days he had suffered so much that he was almost on the point of death.(119)
But this brave and valiant man was not so weak as to be vanquished by such treatments, nor had he forgotten his duties towards the Qur'an and the Prophet's household as to come to terms with 'Uthman. He was like a steadfast mountain that could not be moved by any event. Consequently the moment he reached Medina, he cried out vigorously and rose once more to fight the 'Uthmanic paganism. He said protestingly: "They appoint children as administrators and arrange fiefs and feuds for themselves. They raise and exalt the offsprings of the men freed after the capture of Mecca and bestow on them rank and dignity."
It was the reward and lot of this godly man to be exiled to ar-Rabadhah, a very dry and waterless desert in which Abu Dharr had stayed before Islam and which he disliked immensely.
Thenceforth the rest of Abu Dharr's life was spent in ar-

 

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