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Place
the Qur'ans on spearheads.
Mu'awiyah
This was the
first encounter of the two armies. A relative
calmness reigned over the battlefield for a long
time, since Imam 'Mi was doing his utmost not
to impose his views by means of force and war.
But the ash-Shamis spoke of nothing but avenging
"Uthman's blood".
In the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, some minor clashes
took place between the two armies without producing
any decisive result, and owing to the commencement
of the month of Muharram (in which fighting is
forbidden) both sides desisted from combat. But
after the end of Muharram, the fight was resumed.
During this time Mu'awiyah tried hard to gain
the Imam's writ granting him the governorship
of ash-Sham and thus put an end to the war. But
the Imam could not at any cost accept the co-operation
of such a man as Mu'awiyah.
In a fierce clash and owing to the valor and steadfastness
of the army of the Imam, the right wing of his
forces succeeded in advancing as far as the tent
of Mu'awiyah, while the left wing retreated before
the onslaught of the army of ash-Sham. It was
then that the Imam himself entered the field and
organized the retreating wing. Then he invited
Mu'awiyah to a man-to-man combat so that with
the death of one of the two an end would be put
to the differences between the two sides, and
all the bloodshed which was undesirable in his
opinion, would cease. But Mu'awiyah refused the
challenge for fear of his life, since he felt
sure that he could not escape the powerful clutches
of the Imam.
Fighting continued into the night, and by dawn
the final defeat of ash-Sham's army became evident.
Malik al-Ashtar, the valiant man of Kufah, on
the right wing and the Imam himself in the center
made severe onslaughts on the enemy. The columns
of the Kufah army had also penetrated deeply into
the ash-Sham's front. Mu'awiyah was preparing
to flee, for his defeat was close at hand, and
this great pillar of paganism and infidelity was
about to topple over, and the rule of 'Ali was
to be
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