Chapters
A word from the Persian translator
Preface: aim of the survey and discussion
The lineage of Mu'awiyah: Abu Sufyan and Hind
The Umayyads in pagan times
    Abu Sufyan in the battle of Badr
Abu Sufyan in the battle of Uhud
Hind in the battle of Uhud
Abu Sufyan as leader in the battle of al-Khandaq
Feeling of weakness and proposal of peace
Mecca is captured
    Abu Sufyan and his position in the Islamic community
    Abu Sufyan in the time of the first two caliphs
    Abu Sufyan in the time of 'Uthman
    Mu'awiyah in the time of the Prophet
    Mu'awiyah in the time of the caliphs
    Mu'awiyah and 'Uthman
    Abu Dharr facing Mu'awiyah
    A fable in the history of Islam
    Quranic Memorizers and Interpreters of Kufah in ash-Sham
    Mu'awiyah after 'Uthman
    Siffin, the battlefield scene of right over wrong
    The trickery of Mu'awiyah
    Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As
    ash-Shami plunderes
    Jariyah ibn Qudamah, a man of the Alawite front
    Two opposing politics
    Mu'awiyah in the time of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba
    Motives for peace
    Cautious treatment of enemies
    Crafty Arabs in the trap laid by Mu'awiyah
    Heavy taxes
    The Shi'ah in torture and molestation
    Governing becomes hereditary and imperial
    Allegiance to Yazid in Basra
    Allegiance to Yazid in ash-Sham
    Allegiance to Yazid in Medina
    Allegiance to Yazid demands victims
    Ceremonies of allegiance to Yazid
    What caused the friendship between 'A'ishah and the Umayyads
41 Gifts of Mu'awiyah
    the influence of 'A'ishah in the rule of the Umayyads
    'A'ishah and Mu'awiyah in reciprocal contention
    Death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
    'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr is poisoned
    'A'ishah is penitent about the battle of al-Jamal
    'A'ishah generosity
    Her family bigotry
    'A'ishah as an eminent orator
    'A'ishah as a well -dressed woman
    'A'ishah's monopoly of verdicts
    Anecdotes in the life of 'A'ishah
    TA brief glance at the life of Mu'awiyah
    Traditional making
    Freed persons and the caliphate
    A cover for inferiority complexes
    The fate of the noble persons who did not co-operate with Mu'awiyah
    Imam 'Ali is cursed on Islamic pulpits
    A group of people refuses to curse
    The ultimate goal of Mu'awiyah
    A tradition from 'A'ishah
    Conclusion and purpose
    Addendum
     

 

 

THE ROLE OF AISHAH IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM
In the name of God, the almightyl

The trickery of Mu'awiyah

 

Place the Qur'ans on spearheads.
Mu'awiyah

This was the first encounter of the two armies. A relative calmness reigned over the battlefield for a long time, since Imam 'Mi was doing his utmost not to impose his views by means of force and war. But the ash-Shamis spoke of nothing but avenging "Uthman's blood".
In the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, some minor clashes took place between the two armies without producing any decisive result, and owing to the commencement of the month of Muharram (in which fighting is forbidden) both sides desisted from combat. But after the end of Muharram, the fight was resumed. During this time Mu'awiyah tried hard to gain the Imam's writ granting him the governorship of ash-Sham and thus put an end to the war. But the Imam could not at any cost accept the co-operation of such a man as Mu'awiyah.
In a fierce clash and owing to the valor and steadfastness of the army of the Imam, the right wing of his forces succeeded in advancing as far as the tent of Mu'awiyah, while the left wing retreated before the onslaught of the army of ash-Sham. It was then that the Imam himself entered the field and organized the retreating wing. Then he invited Mu'awiyah to a man-to-man combat so that with the death of one of the two an end would be put to the differences between the two sides, and all the bloodshed which was undesirable in his opinion, would cease. But Mu'awiyah refused the challenge for fear of his life, since he felt sure that he could not escape the powerful clutches of the Imam.
Fighting continued into the night, and by dawn the final defeat of ash-Sham's army became evident. Malik al-Ashtar, the valiant man of Kufah, on the right wing and the Imam himself in the center made severe onslaughts on the enemy. The columns of the Kufah army had also penetrated deeply into the ash-Sham's front. Mu'awiyah was preparing to flee, for his defeat was close at hand, and this great pillar of paganism and infidelity was about to topple over, and the rule of 'Ali was to be


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